What is it?
A load balancer distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server becomes overwhelmed.
Why does it matter?
Load balancers are the entry point of every large-scale application — they enable horizontal scaling, provide failover, and are a core system design concept.
Learn load balancer types, algorithms (round-robin, least connections), and health checks.
Real-World Use Cases
- 🏢 Enterprise systems - Used in large-scale systems.
- ⚡ Performance - Critical for high-traffic applications.
- 🎓 Interviews - Common system design interview topic.
- 🔧 Engineering - Core software engineering skill.
Core Concepts
# Load Balancers: Distribute Traffic Across Servers
# Learn load balancer types, algorithms (round-robin, least connections), and health checks.
# Key considerations:
# 1. Scalability
# 2. Reliability
# 3. Availability
# 4. PerformanceArchitecture Diagram
# A load balancer distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server becomes overwhelmed.
# Common components:
# - Load Balancer -> App Servers
# - App Servers -> Cache (Redis)
# - App Servers -> Database (Primary + Replica)
# - CDN for static assetsTrade-offs and Decisions
# Design trade-offs:
# Consistency vs Availability (CAP Theorem)
# Latency vs Throughput
# Cost vs Performance
# Simplicity vs Scalability
# Scale estimates:
# DAU: 10M users
# Reads: 100K QPS
# Writes: 10K QPSQ: What are the most important system design interview topics?
The core topics: scalability (vertical vs horizontal), caching (Redis, Memcached), databases (SQL vs NoSQL, sharding), load balancers, message queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ), API design (REST, GraphQL), and the CAP theorem. For FAANG interviews, also know: consistent hashing, Bloom filters, and rate limiting.
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