CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system for placing elements into rows and columns simultaneously. It is the most powerful layout tool available in CSS.
Why does it matter?
CSS Grid replaces complex float hacks with clean, readable layout code. A 12-column responsive layout that took 100 lines of framework CSS takes 10 lines with Grid. Essential for any layout beyond a simple navbar.
Master CSS Grid — rows and columns, placing items, template areas, auto-fill, minmax, and responsive page layouts.
Real-World Use Cases
📰Newspaper-style layout - Grid creates a complex multi-column layout with some articles spanning 2 columns — impossible cleanly with Flexbox.
🎨Portfolio grid - Auto-fill columns create a responsive grid that adds columns as screen width increases, no media queries needed.
📋Dashboard layout - Named template areas define header, sidebar, main, and footer — readable and maintainable.
🛒Product catalogue - minmax(250px, 1fr) creates columns that are at least 250px wide and fill available space responsively.
Defining Grid Columns and Rows
.three-col { grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 1fr; }
/* fr unit: fraction of available space */
.equal { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
/* Gap between grid cells */
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 24px;
}
/* Add as many columns as fit — no media queries needed! */
.cards {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
gap: 24px;
}
/* At 900px: 3 columns At 600px: 2 columns At 320px: 1 column */
/* auto-fill keeps empty column slots */
/* auto-fit collapses empty columns — items stretch to fill */
Q: What is the difference between auto-fill and auto-fit?
Both automatically create as many columns as fit. The difference appears when there are fewer items than fit on one row. auto-fill keeps empty column slots (items do not stretch); auto-fit collapses empty columns so existing items stretch to fill the row. Use auto-fill for fixed max-size items; use auto-fit when items should expand to fill space.
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