PHP MVC Pattern

MVC Pattern in PHP

Model-View-Controller separates data, display, and logic.

// Model — data and database
class UserModel {
    public function __construct(private PDO $db) {}

    public function findById(int $id): ?array {
        $stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?");
        $stmt->execute([$id]);
        return $stmt->fetch() ?: null;
    }

    public function create(array $data): int {
        $stmt = $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name,email) VALUES (?,?)");
        $stmt->execute([$data["name"], $data["email"]]);
        return (int) $this->db->lastInsertId();
    }
}

// Controller — handles request/response
class UserController {
    public function __construct(private UserModel $model) {}

    public function show(int $id): void {
        $user = $this->model->findById($id);
        if (!$user) { http_response_code(404); return; }
        require "views/user_show.php";  // pass $user to view
    }
}

// View — views/user_show.php
// <h1><?= htmlspecialchars($user["name"]) ?></h1>