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Tutorials Data Engineering Data Lake Architecture

Data Lake Architecture

5 min read Quiz at the end
Medallion architecture: Bronze (raw) -> Silver (clean) -> Gold (aggregated) — partition by date for speed.

Data Lake Architecture

# Data Lake layers (Medallion Architecture)
# Bronze: raw ingested data (immutable)
# Silver: cleaned and validated data
# Gold:   business-ready aggregated data (marts)

# File organisation
s3://datalake/
  bronze/
    raw_orders/year=2025/month=01/day=15/
      orders_20250115_000001.json.gz
  silver/
    cleaned_orders/year=2025/month=01/day=15/
      part-00000.parquet
  gold/
    monthly_sales_summary/
      part-00000.parquet

# Partition pruning -- read only needed partitions
df = spark.read.parquet('s3://datalake/silver/cleaned_orders/')
df.filter(
    (F.col('year') == 2025) &
    (F.col('month') == 1)
)  # Spark reads only jan 2025 partitions (not all data!)

# File formats comparison
# Parquet: columnar, compressed, best for analytics
# Avro:    row-based, schema evolution, good for streaming
# ORC:     columnar, best for Hive, good compression
# Delta/Iceberg/Hudi: add ACID to parquet (table formats)
Topic Quiz · 1 questions

Test your understanding before moving on

1. What is the Medallion Architecture in a data lake?
💡 Medallion architecture organises data into Bronze (raw ingested), Silver (cleaned), Gold (business-ready) layers.